This habit of using college students as a political rowdy force was first started by DMK in 1960's, I guess. Can you imagine. 50000 fricking thousand college students. This was not DMK vs Hindi or North. This was DMK (& the nadars, vanniyars) vs Bhaktavatsala Mudaliar. Nadars, Vanniyars had maybe become too cozy in "Congress". Bhaktavatsalam and other Mudaliars probably endured the showcasing of kamaraj nadar only to get popular support.
Even in the Parliament, only 41 people were probably in favor of Hindi imposition. The bare truth is that Hindi was never imposed, even in 1938, in Rajaji's rule.
In 1938, only "teaching Hindi" was compulsory...sitting in the classes. It was not necessary to pass the Hindi paper to go to the next class. This too, was only in 125 schools.
Below screenshot is from this https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19770831-opposition-to-hindi-at-every-level-in-tamil-nadu-818906-2015-04-24 link. All other SS's are from Wikipedia.
We *always* have to see the timing of the events, pre-independence. Various Chettiar/Vellala women anointed Venktata Ramasamy with the sobriquet 'Periyar' in late 1938. Hitler invaded Poland on Sep 1, 1939, thereby initiating the WW2. But, Germany had already started rearmament and conscription by mid 1930's, violating the treaty of Versailles. Churchill and others had already been warning that war was around, so...the British were anticipating many things, and I guess this level-upping of their on-the-ground machinery was part of their plans for war. Their loyal dog, South Indian Liberal Federation, had failed the 1937 elections too, so they were without any hold. Many people have said that the GoI Act 1935 itself showed that British rule was going to end soon. We have to see from the war PoV. Some military head of UK once stated that the British could not have won both world wars without India's support.
So, the timing is important. We need to dig more into this. Do-bashis were interpreters to the British. What did the British relay to the do-bashis? Did they only say that they wanted certain effects to be realized, or did they themselves plan and dictate everything?
But this, the anti-hindi protests of 1938, definitely had to do with WW2, that much is certain.
We can forgive 30's and 60's because they at least contained the words "language", "hindi", etc. Rajiv Gandhi's 1986 policy spoke nothing at all about language. He just introduced Navodaya schools. But "DMK claimed" that hindi would be compulsory in Navodaya schools. Even assuming that to be true, it is still way too far from "hindi imposition".
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